carbon

English carbon comes from French carbone, a term coined by the chemist Antoine Lavoisier. He built it on Latin carbō, carbōnem, meaning charcoal or coal, which may trace back to the Proto-Indo-European root *kerh₃-, "to burn."

The word began as a plain name for charcoal or burnt wood, then was deliberately repurposed by Lavoisier as the name of a chemical element — moving from a substance you'd find in a hearth to a fundamental building block of matter.

No other cognate is given in the facts, but the Latin root carbō itself is the direct ancestor here, carrying its old sense of charcoal into the modern chemical term.