sampan

Sampan comes from Sinitic, most likely Cantonese 三板 (saam¹ baan²) or Hokkien 舢板 (sam-pán).

The word passed directly from these southern Chinese languages into English with its meaning intact, naming the same small flat-bottomed boat it always described.

The facts at hand don't point to any English cognates — this word entered English on its own, without relatives already in the language.